# Authority sources — heavy-duty dog crates

Niche shortlist for Large Dog Fortress. Tier 1 is a regulator or a peer-reviewed paper. Tier 2 is a specialist veterinary manual, a veterinary association page, or a named welfare organisation's own guide. Cite from this list before reaching for a general source. Access dates belong in the article, not only here.

## Tier 1

| Source | What it establishes | URL |
| --- | --- | --- |
| eCFR, 9 CFR 3.6 Primary enclosures | Federal floor-space formula, interior height, secure construction, no sharp edges, suspended-floor wire diameter | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-9/section-3.6 |
| Cornell LII, 9 CFR 3.6 | Readable text of the same primary-enclosure rule | https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/9/3.6 |
| Flannigan and Dodman, JAVMA 2001 | Case-control risk factors for canine separation anxiety, including single-adult homes | https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/219/4/javma.2001.219.460.xml |
| Sargisson, Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 2014 | Review of predisposition and treatment; punishment is not the successful path | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7521022/ |
| Karagiannis, Burman, and Mills, BMC Veterinary Research, 2015 | Fluoxetine plus a behaviour-modification plan in separation-related problems | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-015-0373-1 |
| Wroe, McHenry, and Thomason, Proc. R. Soc. B, 2005 | Comparative mammalian bite-force estimates; method and body mass matter | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1564077/ |
| Bourke and colleagues, PLOS ONE, 2008 | Finite-element bite force and skull stress in the dingo, by gape and tooth position | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0002200 |
| AVSAB, Humane Dog Training Position Statement, 2021 | Reward-based training; opposition to routine aversive methods | https://avsab.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AVSAB-Humane-Dog-Training-Position-Statement-2021.pdf |
| AVSAB position-statement index | Where the 2021 statement sits in the society's public positions | https://avsab.org/resources/position-statements/ |
| NIST, SI units of length | Unit discipline when this desk converts inches and millimetres | https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/si-units |

## Tier 2

| Source | What it establishes | URL |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Merck Veterinary Manual, dog-owner chapter on behavior problems | Separation anxiety as panic when left alone; confined dogs destroy kennels, walls, or doors; signs often worst at 15–30 minutes | https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/behavior-of-dogs/behavior-problems-in-dogs |
| Merck Veterinary Manual, professional chapter | Clinical framing of canine behavior problems | https://www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/behavior-of-dogs/behavior-problems-of-dogs |
| AVMA, canine separation anxiety | Association page on separation anxiety as a welfare problem | https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/canine-separation-anxiety |
| AVMA, dog bite prevention | Bite risk is situational; not a jaw-pressure ranking of breeds | https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/dog-bite-prevention |
| ASPCA, separation anxiety | Distress behaviors, extreme escape attempts, self-injury | https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/dog-care/common-dog-behavior-issues/separation-anxiety |
| Humane World for Animals, crate training 101 | Crate is not punishment; puppy duration limit; frustration if used badly | https://www.humaneworld.org/en/resources/crate-training-101 |
| AKC, why crate training | Club overview of crate training as a management tool | https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/training/why-crate-training-is-great-for-your-dog/ |
| IATA, live animals program | Air-transport containers are a regulated class of enclosure, separate from household crates | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/live-animals/ |
| Fear Free | Veterinary initiative aimed at reducing fear in handling | https://www.fearfree.com/ |
| Dove Press full text, Sargisson 2014 | Publisher HTML for the same open review as the PMC record | https://www.dovepress.com/canine-separation-anxiety-strategies-for-treatment-and-management-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VMRR |

## Desk rule

A Tier 2 URL appears in at most two articles on this site. Wikipedia is not a source. Product listings are not authority sources; Amazon links are commercial, labeled `rel="sponsored"`, and are not citations.